Neuroprotective effect
Microglia are immunoreactive cells of the central nervous system that constantly remove damaged nerves, plaques, and infectious materials from the central nervous system. When subject to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, such as when stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, microglia can be activated, producing large amounts of cytokines and reactive oxygen species, damaging to various types of nerves in the central nervous system. Parkinson's disease caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is closely related to microglia activation. Chen et al. found that Luteolin pretreatment can significantly inhibit LPS-induced in rat primary mixed cells and microglia produce TNF-α、NO and superoxide radicals, wherein 5 μmol/L luteolin reduced the TNF-α, NO and superoxide radicals of the primary mixed cells by 48.1%, 74.3% and 80.6%, respectively. And that pretreatment significantly inhibited the activation of microglia in both cell systems, increasing dopamine uptake by primary mixed cells (from 38.8% to 93.3%). These results indicate that Luteolin has a protective effect on dopamine neurons.
Luteolin has a protective effect on the learning and memory of the nervous system. 2 nmol/L of Luteolin can enhance the basic synaptic transmission of hippocampal dentate gyrus, triggering long-term potentiation, and the peak potentials arise from (113.68 ± 7.17)% and (197.77 ±7.34)% to (182.74 ± 8.55). )% and (274.87 ± 18.71)%. Moreover, in the chronic hypoperfusion injury caused by vascular occlusion, Luteolin can still protect synapses, trigger long-term duration, and reduce the escape latency of rats in the Morris water maze test. Immunoblotting assay showed that Luteolin could not only activate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in normal rat hippocampus, but also improve chronic perfusion injury phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus of rats, which may be the reason why Luteolin can promote long-term potentiation and improve memory.
Summary
As a natural flavonoid, Luteolin has a wide range of pharmacological activities and plays an important role in human health. It not only inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, helps the body resist malignant tumors, but also anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, reduces inflammatory factors and excessive reactive oxygen damage to the body, protects normal tissues and cells; The system has a protective effect on the nervous system, which not only reduces the occurrence of neuropathy, but also improves memory and improves cognitive function. Besides, Luteolin can protect the liver and cardiovascular system and prevent and reduce osteoporosis. As an edible flavonoid, Luteolin is widely found in various vegetables and fruits. Because it can not only treat diseases, but more importantly, it can prevent diseases, so people can easily prevent and reduce diseases occur by changing their daily diet.
With the deepening of the research on Luteolin, many pharmacological activities have been explained from the molecular mechanism level, but most of the research on Luteolin is carried out in vitro, and the results of in body experiments are lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetics of luteolin in the body, to provide a solid theoretical basis for its clinical application.
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